IEC/TR 61282-5-2002 光纤通信系统的设计指南.第5部分:传播体系的适应性和报酬
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【英文标准名称】:Fibreopticcommunicationsystemdesignguides-Part5:Accommodationandcompensationofdispersion
【原文标准名称】:光纤通信系统的设计指南.第5部分:传播体系的适应性和报酬
【标准号】:IEC/TR61282-5-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2002-04
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际电工委员会(IEC)
【起草单位】:IEC/SC86C
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:纤维光学;光纤;光波导;设计;颜色的扩散;电信;模拟信号;数字信号;分散
【英文主题词】:Analoguesignals;Chromaticdispersion;Design;Digitalsignals;Dispersion;Fibreoptics;Opticalwaveguides;Telecommunications
【摘要】:ThispartofIEC61282,whichisatechnicalreport,appliestotheaccommodationandcompensationofdispersioninfibreopticcommunicationsystems.Generally,dispersioncompensationandaccommodationisusedinthe1550nmregionwithcablesincorporatingconventional(dispersion-unshifted)single-modecategoryB1fibreasshowninIEC60793-1andIEC60793-2.Inthiswavelengthregion,thefibrehasapositivedispersioncoefficientthataveragesatabout17ps/nm-km.Therearetwosubcategoriesofsuchfibre.ThecutoffwavelengthofB1fibreislowenoughforthefibretobeusedineitherthe1310nmorthe1550nmregion.Suchfibremakesupthevastmajorityofinstalledfibreopticcableworldwide.ThecutoffwavelengthofB1.2fibreishighenoughforthefibretobeusedinthe1550nmregiononly.Suchfibreisusedinsomesubmarinesystems.Smallervaluesofdispersionareattainablewithdispersion-shiftedcategoryB2fibreandwithnon-zero-dispersioncategoryB4fibre.Dispersionaccommodationorcompensationmaysometimesbeusedwiththesefibretypesaswell,butonlycategoryB1fibreswillbediscussedinthistechnicalreport.Compensationreferstotechniquesorcomponentsthatreducethevalueofthedispersionorthedispersionslopeofafibreopticlinktoenabletransmissionatdigitalbit-ratesandatanaloguefrequencieshigherthanwouldbepossiblewithoutthesetechniques.Effectively,thecumulativezero-dispersionwavelengthoftheopticalpathismovedfromthe1310nmregiontosomewhereinthe1550nmregion.Alinkofdispersion-unshiftedB1fibreandanin-linedispersioncompensatorcanbemadetoresemble,insomecumulativerespects,alinkofdispersion-shiftedB2fibre.Examplesofpassivedispersioncompensatingcomponentsincludedispersion-compensatingfibre,fibreBragggratings,andetalons.Accommodationreferstotechniquesorcomponentsthatutilizedispersiontoenabletransmissionatdigitalbit-ratesandatanaloguefrequencieshigherthanwouldbepossiblewithoutthesetechniques.Examplesofactivedispersionaccommodationincludeopticalorelectricalprechirpingatthetransmitter,dispersion-assistedtransmission,midspanspectralinversion,andreceiversignalprocessing.Accommodationwillbetreatedinfuturerevisionsofthistechnicalreport.Managementreferringtotechniquesthatvarythedispersioncoefficientalongtheopticalpath(bothsignandmagnitude)remainsunderstudy.
【中国标准分类号】:M33
【国际标准分类号】:33_180_01
【页数】:39P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:Smokedetectorsforfirealarmsignalingsystems
【原文标准名称】:火灾报警信号系统用烟雾探测器
【标准号】:UL268-2006
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2006-09-08
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国保险商实验所(US-UL)
【起草单位】:UL
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:组件;控制图;定义;电力系统;电气元件;电气设备;电驱动装置;供能系统(建筑物);火灾警报;消防队;火灾探测器;防火;防火安全;检验;作标记;性能;性能试验;安全装置;信号装置;发信号;烟雾检测器;规范(验收);试验;警告装置
【英文主题词】:Components;Controlcharts;Definitions;Electricpowersystems;Electricalcomponents;Electricalequipment;Electrically-operateddevices;Energysupplysystems(buildings);Firealarms;Firebrigade;Firedetectors;Fireprotection;Firesafety;Inspection;Marking;Performance;Performancetests;Safetydevices;Signaldevices;Signalling;Smokedetectors;Specification(approval);Testing;Warningdevices
【摘要】:TheserequirementscoversmokedetectorsintendedtobeemployedinindoorlocationsinaccordancewiththeNationalFireAlarmCode,NFPA72.Theserequirementsalsocovermechanicalguardsusedtoprovidephysicalprotectiontoinstalledsmokedetectors.Asmokedetector,ascoveredbytheserequirements,consistsofanassemblyofelectricalcomponentscoupledwithasensingmeansinsideofachamber,orbyseparatecomponents,todetectsmoke.Thedetectorincludesprovisionfortheconnectiontoasourceofpower,signaling,andremotecontrolcircuits.Aheatdetector,oraudiblesignalingappliance,orboth,arenotprohibitedfrombeingincorporatedaspartofthesmokedetectorassembly.Theserequirementscoverthefollowingtypesofdetectors:a)Detectorsintendedforopenareaprotectionandforconnectiontoacompatiblepowersupplyorcontrolunitforoperationaspartofafirealarmsystem.b)Detectorsintendedsolelyforcontrolofreleasingdevicessuchaselectromagneticdoorholders,firedampersorsmokedampers.c)Detectorsintendedforboththeapplicationsdescribedin(a)and(b)above.Thisstandarddoesnotcoverthefollowing:a)ControlunitstowhichthedetectorsareintendedtobeconnectedthatarecoveredbytheStandardforControlUnitsforFire-ProtectiveSignalingSystems,UL864.b)Self-containedsingleandmultiplestationsmokedetectors,notintendedforconnectiontoasystemcontrolunit,thatarecoveredbytheStandardforSingleandMultipleStationSmokeAlarms,UL217.c)Aheatdetectorincorporatedasapartofasmokedetectorassembly,andcoveredbytheStandardforHeatDetectorsforFireProtectiveSignalingSystems,UL521;exceptfortherequirementsoftheFireTest(HeatDetector).d)FiretestsforsmokedetectorsintegralwithcombinationdoorclosersandholdersthatarecoveredbytheStandardforDoorClosers-Holders,WithorWithoutIntegralSmokeDetectors,UL228.e)Commercial-residentialdetectorsnotintendedforconnectiontoasystemcontrolunitthatarecoveredbytheStandardforSmokeDetectorMonitorsandAccessoriesforIndividualLivingUnitsofMultifamilyResidencesandHotel/MotelRooms,UL1730.Theserequirementsalsocoverallremoteaccessoriesthatareintendedtobeconnectedtoasmokedetector.Aproductthatcontainsfeatures,characteristics,components,materials,orsystemsnewordifferentfromthosecoveredbytherequirementsinthisstandard,andthatinvolvesariskoffire,electricshock,orinjurytopersonsshallbeevaluatedusingtheappropriateadditionalcomponentandend-productrequirementsasdeterminedessentialtomaintaintheintendedlevelofsafetyasoriginallyanticipatedbytheintentofthisstandard.Aproductwhosefeatures,characteristics,components,materials,orsystemsconflictwithspecificprovisionsofthisstandardcannotbejudgedtocomplywiththisstandard.Whereidentifiedasappropriate,revisionofrequirementsshallbeproposedandadoptedinconformancewiththemethodsemployedfordevelopment,revision,andimplementationofthisstandard.
【中国标准分类号】:C81
【国际标准分类号】:13_220_20
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:Analysisoffoodstuffs-Enumerationofmicroorganismsbymeansofimpedance-method-Determinationofaerobicmesophilebacterialcount
【原文标准名称】:食品分析.用阻抗法的微生物计数.嗜氧嗜温细菌菌落的测定
【标准号】:DIN10122-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2005-09
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:食品检验;食品;试验;定义;嗜氧细菌;细菌菌落;嗜温菌;微菌落计数;阻抗;微生物分析;玻璃器皿;培养基;饲料;水垢;方法;微生物学;计数;测定;农产品;实验室器皿;抽样方法;微生物
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Thisstandardspecifiesaprocedurefortheenumerationofmicroorganismsinfoodstuffswithimpedance-method.
【中国标准分类号】:X04
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_30
【页数】:14P;A4
【正文语种】:德语